Transhumanism
Transhumanism holds that humans should use science and technology to overcome biological limits, including ageing, disease and cognitive limits. Politically it tends to combine enthusiasm for research with strong defence of individual freedom to use new technologies.
- Human nature is a stage in development, not a fixed limit.
- Extending healthy life and enhancing human capacities are worthy goals.
- People should be free to choose enhancements for themselves, within safeguards against coercion.
Julian Huxley introduced the term "transhumanism" in 1957. The modern movement formed in the 1980s and 1990s around thinkers such as Max More, whose Extropian principles set out its early form, and later Nick Bostrom and David Pearce, who founded the World Transhumanist Association (now Humanity+) in 1998. It has influenced debates on life extension, AI and gene editing.
Bioconservatives such as Francis Fukuyama and Michael Sandel warn that enhancement threatens human dignity and equality. Others fear it will widen inequality if only the wealthy can afford enhancements.
No country or historical regime in our data has Transhumanism as its closest ideology.
Method: each ideology is placed at a typical position on the 12 axes, scored from 0 to 100 toward the first pole. Ranks compare it with the other 45 ideologies; matches are 100 minus the average distance across all axes. The positions are our own calibration, not taken from any third-party source.